It begins with an exploration of Jewish Torah, which Jesus expands upon. In particular, he turns the Ten Commandments on their head. Instead of starting with a list of no-nos, Jesus offers praise for the types of people worthy of praise and blessing. Then, Jesus comments on some of the specific commandments and expands them, saying that sinful motivations (even if you don't act upon them) are just as corrupting as sinful actions.
Jesus then continues, offering insights on a long list of issues, from money, prayer, status, fear, judgment of others, and much more. In most instances, Jesus worries most about internal purity rather than on actions. Many times he warns his listeners that his lessons are not easy; many times he praises those who can live them out.
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Reading the Bible in Its Entirety
If you are planning to read the Bible in its entirety, you should read Matthew 8-12 today.